Advances in alternative fuel production mean a wider range of applications for greener ship operations, but developments also call for mature mitigation strategies.
Switching from heavy fuel oil HFO and marine diesel oil MDO to green alternatives including ammonia, methanol, hydrogen, biofuels, battery power and even nuclear reactors introduces brand-new risks to the maritime and offshore sectors: instability, toxicity and engine damage, for example.
These are major challenges that will stretch operators, crews and protection and indemnity P I clubs alike, raising the prospect of complex claims and uncertain liabilities.
